There are 2 main variations that can be seen. Kyphosis and scoliosis Kyphosis is backward bending of the vertebral column Scoliosis is lateral bending of the vertebral column Common Causes Congenital Ankylosing spondylitis Rheumatoid arthritis Rickets Neurofibromatosis Friedrich’s ataxia Cerebral palsy Marfan syndrome Turners syndrome Method to diagnose scoliosis Request the child to remove their […]
Read More →Causes of Delayed closure of Anterior Fontanelle Rickets Congenital hypothyroidism Achondroplasia Hydrocephalus Downs syndrome Causes of bulging anterior fontanelle Increase intracranial pressure Hydrocephalus Crying infant Galactosemia Causes of high arched palate Downs syndrome Marfan syndrome Crouzon syndrome Apert syndrome Turners syndrome Causes of Frontal bone bossing Thalassemia major Rickets Congenital syphilis Hydrocephalus Acromegaly […]
Read More →Hypotonia Low muscle tone is a common finding. Remember the following points Causes of Hypotonia In newborns Anterior Horn cell disorders like Hypoxic-ischaemic myelopathy, Spinal muscular atrophy Congenital myelopathy like Charcot Marie Tooth disease Neuromuscular junction disorders like Congenital myasthenia Congenital myopathy like Nemaline myopathy Muscular dystrophy Syndromes- like Downs syndrome, Prader Willi syndrome, Hypothyroidism, […]
Read More →This is the swelling go the terminal part of fingers and toes It happens due to hypertrophy of the soft tissue in nail bed causing an increase in the anterior-posterior and transverse diameter of the nail Measurement It is measured by measuring the angle between the nail and nail bed – Its called the Lovibond […]
Read More →Palpation of abdomen structures Principles Always stand on the right side of the patient(if you are right-handed) Get the patient to lie supine on the bed Ask the patient to flex the legs at knee joint Expose the abdomen up to the chest and below up to the inguinal canal. Ask the patient if there […]
Read More →Palpation of abdomen structures Principles Always stand on the right side of the patient(if you are right-handed) Get the patient to lie supine on the bed Ask the patient to flex the legs at knee joint Expose the abdomen up to the chest and below up to the inguinal canal. Ask the patient if there […]
Read More →Principles Always stand on the right side of the patient(if you are right-handed) Get the patient to lie supine on the bed Ask the patient to flex the legs at knee joint Expose the abdomen up to the chest and below up to the inguinal canal. Ask the patient if there is any tenderness before […]
Read More →Aim To optimize gas exchange Help patient work of breathing Minimize ventilator-induced lung injury Objectives of Mechanical Ventilation • Improved pulmonary gas exchange • Relief of respiratory distress • Management of pulmonary mechanisms • Provide airway protection • Provide general cardiopulmonary support Indications of Mechanical Ventilation 1 Respiratory failure Apnea Respiratory arrest Inadequate ventilation Inadequate […]
Read More →Down syndrome AVSD Ventricular septal defects Patent ductus arteriosus Aberrant subclavian artery Edwards syndrome Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus Coarctation of aorta Patau syndrome Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defects Patent ductus arteriosus Coarctation of aorta Turner syndrome Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of aorta Aortic stenosis Chromosome 22 microdeletion Aortic arch […]
Read More →Definition Diarrhoea- Loose watery stools > 3 times in a day HISTORY Ask about Duration Frequency Colour of vomit- bilious or non bilious Presence of blood Feeds Fluid intake Urine output Recent travel/ exposure Other Symptoms- fever, abdomen distention, projectile vomiting, features of meningitis Weight loss ASSESSMENT- Assess the vitals as below Weight Temperature Pulse […]
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