Down syndrome AVSD Ventricular septal defects Patent ductus arteriosus Aberrant subclavian artery Edwards syndrome Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus Coarctation of aorta Patau syndrome Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defects Patent ductus arteriosus Coarctation of aorta Turner syndrome Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of aorta Aortic stenosis Chromosome 22 microdeletion Aortic arch […]

Read More →

AS- Aortic stenosis ASD- atrial septal defect BT shunt- Blalock tausing shunt Fallot- Tetralogy of fallot PDA- patent ductus arteriosus PS- pulmonary stenosis MR- mitral regurgitation TGA- Transposition of great arteries ULSE- upper left sternal area URSE- upper right sternal area LLSE- Lower left sternal area VSD- ventricular septal defect

Read More →

INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM The errors of IEM can be divided as a defect in the metabolism of Carbohydrates Amino acids Lipids Lysosomal storage disorders ~There are many more types of IEM with various classifications. The above mentioned are common and more focused in exams The IEM of lipids is further divided as ENZYME DEFECTS […]

Read More →

Ketotic process Fasting Malabsorption Gastroenteritis Galactosemia Hereditary fructose intolerance Glycogen storage disease type 1 Idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia Nonketotic process Hyperinsulinemia Infants of diabetic mothers Congenital panhypopituitarism Adrenal insufficiency Fatty acid oxidation defects Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome Others Sepsis Poisoning Overdoses Liver failure HYPOGLYCEMIA WITH ACIDOSIS METABOLIC ACIDOSIS WITH HYPOGLYCEMIA IN INFANTS

Read More →

General examination Level of consciousness- Alert/ Oriented/ cooperative Decubitus (position in bed) Gait Built- Average/ small or large for age Nutrition- Average/ undernutrition Any obvious dysmorphism Respiration effort- rate, rhythm, pattern, depth, laboured or not Face Dysmorphism Cyanosis/ Pallor Respiratory distress- nasal cannula/ nasal flaring Cardiovascular system examination involves 2 systems- peripheral and central cardiovascular […]

Read More →

The tongue has both motor and sensory functions. You can always ask the child about taste sensations. For the motor function, ask the child to open the mouth and protrude the tongue. You can also ask the child to move the tongue from side to side to see the motor component If you are looking […]

Read More →