It is the fracture of distal radius within 2.5cm of the wrist and the broken fragment is angulated dorsally. MECHANISM Commonly occurs from falling on an outstretched hand APPEARANCE Posterior and radial displacement of the distal fragment Shortening of the radius in relation to ulna on X-Ray may be seen TREATMENT Always […]
Read More →Definition Hyperplasia of Adrenal gland Affects production of 3 main hormones- Cortisol, Aldosterone, Testosterone Cause Deficiency of enzymes in the synthetic pathway of Adrenal Cortex There are 2 types Classical type- due to the deficiency of enzyme 21-hydroxylase enzyme. Non Classical type Pathology In classical CAH There is a block in the production of cortisol […]
Read More →DIAGNOSIS OF CONSTIPATION – ROME III CRITERIA ORGANIC CAUSES OF CONSTIPATION AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Anorectal malformation: Physical examination Chronic constipation: Physical examination and history Non-retentive faecal incontinence: Physical examination and history* Hirschsprung’s disease: Rectal biopsy* Anorectal manometry Barium enema Neuroenteric problem: Colonic motility* Rectal biopsy Spinal cord problem: Physical examination Magnetic resonance imaging* […]
Read More →Definition Immune-mediated allergic response to milk proteins. Types a) Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated. It has following characteristics Acute and rapid onset. Up to 2 hours after ingestion of cows’ milk. 50% children become milk tolerant by 5 years. b) Non-IgE-mediated reactions. It has following characteristics- Delayed and non-acute allergic response. […]
Read More →There are 12 Cranial nerves. All of them arising from the brain and running down various pathways and performing the following functions.
Read More →FEATURES Harsh barking cough Hoarse voice Stridor Respiratory distress DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Inhaled foreign body Bacterial tracheitis Angioedema Tracheomalacia Epiglottitis Retropharyngeal abscess Mild Moderate Severe Barking cough Occasional Frequent barking cough. Frequent barking cough. Stridor None at rest Easily audible stridor at rest Prominent inspiratory (+/- expiratory) stridor at rest. Recession None / mild Moderate […]
Read More →DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS Presence of typical clinical features( Gastrointestinal/ Respiratory) OR History of CF in sibling OR Positive new-born screening test PLUS Lab evidence of CF transmembrane regulator dysfunction- ( 2 elevated sweat chloride concentration on separate days OR Identifying ” CF mutations OR Abnormal nasal potential difference measurement) INVESTIGATIONS Sputum/cough swab Spirometry […]
Read More →DENTAL CARIES Is the infection of the tooth. This depends on the sugar load in the food of child and the number of bacteria lodged between teeth. This bacteria is known to produce acid that helps bacteria multiply and dissolve the teeth. Hence regular teeth brushing helps maintain hygiene Primary teeth caries can affect Permanent […]
Read More →read full articles for details 6 weeks of age Gross motor Head control- Head is held at level with body in ventral suspension ( 0- 3 months) Moros reflex Fine motor and vision Stares at bright object Follows horizontally to 90 degree Hearing and speech […]
Read More →MILDER CASES < 5% dehydration and clinically well- Oral Rehydration+ Subcutaneous Insulin. MEDICATIONS- NovoMix 30 or Humalog Mix 25 insulin 0.5 units/ kg before breakfast 0.25 units/ kg before tea. SEVERE CASES Hyperglycaemia (BG >11 mmol/l) pH< 7.3 Bicarbonate < 15 mmol/l MANAGEMENT Airway Breathing Circulation INVESTIGATIONS Blood glucose Urea and electrolytes Blood gases Blood […]
Read More →