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Definition Height of two or more standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Factors determining normal growth Antenatal determinants like uterine size, placental function, maternal nutrition, insulin, insulin-like growth factors Postnatal determinants like Growth hormone, thyroid hormones, nutrition, and insulin Pubertal growth factors like Sex hormones, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, nutrition, and insulin. […]
Read More →Definition Both above conditions are severe skin detachment syndromes with mucocutaneous complications. If skin involvement <10% total body surface area, then it’s called Stevens Johnson’s syndrome and If more than 30%, it’s called toxic epidermal necrolysis There is detachment of epidermis at the epidermal-dermal junction, causing papulomacular rash and bullae Aetiology Infections Pharyngitis/ Mycoplasma pneumoniae/ […]
Read More →Acute Viral infections Mumps Ebstein Barr Parainfluenza HIV Bacterial infections Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus viridans Hemophilus influenza Streptococcus pneumoniae E-coli Bacteroides Immune causes HIV Sjorgen syndrome Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis IgA deficiency Ulcerative arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Other Blunt trauma Radiation Obstruction- due to stricture or stone Drugs Chronic causes Hypoproteinemia Miculicz Sarcoidosis Tumours Features of […]
Read More →Caput Succedaneum Marked by localized soft tissue edema Poorly defined margin Caused by pressure of fetal head on maternal cervix during labor Present at birth Does not increase in size Swelling crosses suture lines Disappears in a few days Complications are rare Cephalhematoma Soft fluctuant localized swelling Well defined margin Caused by subperiosteal hemorrhage Appears […]
Read More →Method to examine For palpation of undescended Right testis, place your left hand lateral to the deep inguinal ring Press down with your left hand , moving it along the inguinal canal to the pubic tubercle to ‘mil’ the testis down the inguinal canal. Once the left hand is at the pubic tubercle, determine the […]
Read More → Drugs Drugs are rarely needed and only if there is no significant cardiac output, despite effective lung inflation and chest compressions. Drugs must be delivered as close as possible to the heart. This is best achieved by an umbilical venous catheter (UVC). An alternative to the UVC route is the intraosseous route.Adrenaline is the […]
Read More →Relief of choking If the child is coughing effectively, then no external manoeuvre is necessary. Encourage the child to cough, and monitor continuously.If the child’s coughing is, or is becoming, ineffective, shout for help immediately and determine the child’s conscious level. Conscious child with chokingIf the child is still conscious but has absent or ineffective […]
Read More →The tongue has both motor and sensory functions. You can always ask the child about taste sensations. For the motor function, Ask the child to open the mouth and protrude the tongue. You can also ask the child to move the tongue from side to side to see the motor component If you are looking […]
Read More →There are 2 main variations that can be seen. Kyphosis and scoliosis Kyphosis is backward bending of the vertebral column Scoliosis is lateral bending of the vertebral column Common Causes Congenital Ankylosing spondylitis Rheumatoid arthritis Rickets Neurofibromatosis Friedrich’s ataxia Cerebral palsy Marfan syndrome Turners syndrome Method to diagnose scoliosis Request the child to remove their […]
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