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Importance of general examination in CVS

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  1. Decubitus
    1. If sitting up could mean orthopnoea
  2. Built
    1. Short stature in cyanotic heart disease
    2. Tall in Marfan’s syndrome
    3. Stunted in – Turner’s syndrome
  3. Nutrition
    1. Failure to thrive in chronic heart conditions
  4. Anaemia
    1. May be present in subacute bacterial endocarditis
  5. Cyanosis- can be seen in
    1. Congenital heart disease
    2. Acute pulmonary oedema
  6. Clubbing- could mean
    1. Congenital heart condition
    2. Subacute bacterial endocarditis
  7. Temperature
    1. Could mean infective causes like subacute bacterial endocarditis
  8. Oedema
    1. Congestive cardiac failure
    2. Pericardial effusion
  9. Jaundice
    1. Congestive hepatomegaly in heart failure
    2. Cardiac cirrhosis
  10. Skin- look for changes like
    1. Osler’s nodes
    2. Petechial haemorrhages
    3. Rheumatic subcutaneous nodules
  11. Skeletal changes like
    1. Kyphoscoliosis- shifting of apex
    2. Polydactyly or syndactyly
    3. Cubitus valgus- in Turner ’s syndrome
    4. Thumb deformity – Holt oram syndrome

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