Caput Succedaneum Marked by localized soft tissue edema Poorly defined margin Caused by pressure of fetal head on maternal cervix during labor Present at birth Does not increase in size Swelling crosses suture lines Disappears in a few days Complications are rare Cephalhematoma Soft fluctuant localized swelling Well defined margin Caused by subperiosteal hemorrhage Appears […]

Method to examine For palpation of undescended Right testis, place your left hand lateral to the deep inguinal ring Press down with your left hand , moving it along the inguinal canal to the pubic tubercle to ‘mil’ the testis down the inguinal canal. Once the left hand is at the pubic tubercle, determine the […]

There are 2 main variations that can be seen. Kyphosis and scoliosis Kyphosis is backward bending of the vertebral column Scoliosis is lateral bending of the vertebral column Common Causes Congenital  Ankylosing spondylitis Rheumatoid arthritis Rickets Neurofibromatosis Friedrich’s ataxia Cerebral palsy Marfan syndrome Turners syndrome Method to diagnose scoliosis Request the child to remove their […]

Causes of Delayed closure of Anterior Fontanelle Rickets Congenital hypothyroidism Achondroplasia Hydrocephalus Downs syndrome Causes of bulging anterior fontanelle Increase intracranial pressure Hydrocephalus Crying infant Galactosemia   Causes of high arched palate Downs syndrome Marfan syndrome Crouzon syndrome Apert syndrome Turners syndrome   Causes of Frontal bone bossing Thalassemia major Rickets Congenital syphilis Hydrocephalus Acromegaly […]

Hypotonia Low muscle tone is a common finding. Remember the following points Causes of Hypotonia In newborns Anterior Horn cell disorders like Hypoxic-ischaemic myelopathy, Spinal muscular atrophy Congenital myelopathy like Charcot Marie Tooth disease Neuromuscular junction disorders like Congenital myasthenia Congenital myopathy like Nemaline myopathy Muscular dystrophy Syndromes- like Downs syndrome, Prader Willi syndrome, Hypothyroidism, […]

This is the swelling go the terminal part of fingers and toes It happens due to hypertrophy of the soft tissue in nail bed causing an increase in the anterior-posterior and transverse diameter of the nail Measurement It is measured by measuring the angle between the nail and nail bed  – Its called the Lovibond […]